Yes, it's a fact of life, we normally outlive our beloved animal companions. And it's very, very tough to watch them age and see the changes they go through.
The first thing I really want to impress on you is that for the most part, a healthy pet going through the aging process isn't suffering! Yes they may have aches and things don't work quite like they used to. Pets are much more adaptable and accepting of their aging process than we are. However, you should still make sure they see the vet at least annually to check for any unwanted possiblities such as hyperthyroidism, diabetes, arthritis, cancer, liver and kidney disease, and a few others.
Some of the normal changes that they tend to go through are loss of weight, possible blindness due to cataracts, possible deafness and arthritis. And while it is tough to see them go through all this, they aren't suffering, Honest!
There are some good things we can do to help them through their days, we get the chance to give back to them for all the wonderful years of unconditional love and compassion they have shown and shared with us over the years. Patience is one of the top things.
As they lose their vision, "child" proof the home, and don't move furniture, be sure to have a space that is secure outdoors like your back yard for them to feel secure in, or walk them on the same route daily, always with the leash. Be aware that they will feel the need to be closer to you and will probably follow you around most of the time, you become their eyes and lifeline. Sometimes if you have other animals in the home, they might help to act in this role also. Know that they will startle easily, especially if they also lose their hearing. So they might nip when startled. Sometimes coming in range of their nose helps to alleviate the startlement.
Deafness, many dogs may lose their hearing. You just need to practice on visual cues and directions for them.
Loss of weight is scary. Most times it is the normal loss of muscle mass you see as they age, and it is still good to have them checked by the vet. As they age, several little meals during the day is much better for them than one or two big meals a day. This will help slow some of the muscle loss. And realize that they can't chew as well as they once did. This means softer treats, and feeding a good quality grain free canned food is best. And always, always make sure they have fresh clean water in the same place available to them.
Sometimes they will take up soiling in the home, especially if blind. This is usually due to the fear of being in a larger open area without guidance or a shoulder to be close to as it were. Going outside with your pet even on a leash is good, and will represent security for them. Eventually they will have their scent trails back down and feel more comfortable about going outside again. But this can take some time.
One thing to watch for, yes, they have aches much like we do when we get older and the warm sunshine feels like heaven to them. Watch that they don't get sunstroke, or heat stroke.
For those who can't get around too well, use more area rugs to alleviate slipping, ramps will help your smaller pets gain their favorite snoozing places. Slightly raised beds help, or those with heat mats under them. They will also need cushier sleeping arrangements. For cats, lower sided litter boxes will help ensure they use it.
And last but not least, don't ever be selfish if they are in pain and they tell you it's time to help them to the bridge. Helping them pass without pain and with dignity is the ulitmate act of compassion you can give your beloved companion animal.
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